Manzana de Girona
Manzana de Girona is an IGP apple from Spain.
Description:
Apple of the species Malus domestica Borkh L of the 'Golden', âRed Deliciousâ, 'Gala' and âGranny Smithâ groups of varieties. As a result of local environmental conditions the apples have a hardness of 1,5 to 2 kg, i.e. above that of fruit of the same varieties grown elsewhere.
Golden Delicious
Fruit: yellow-green with a smooth skin. Large.
Flesh: whitish, firm, juicy, crisp, with a sweet and very aromatic flavour.
Tree: semi-erect, enters into production rapidly.
Flowers: pinkish white, large and highly resistant to frost.
Accounts for 60 % of the production of protected apples in the area.
Red Delicious'
Fruit: red. Large.
Flesh: whitish, firm, juicy and sweet.
Tree: weak-looking, enters into production rapidly.
Flowers: pinkish white, productive, slight sensitivity to frosts.
Accounts for 20 % of the production of protected apples in the area.
Gala
Two-tone colour. Skin with pronounced stripes. Medium size.
Flesh: white, firm, juicy, subtle and very crisp. Sweet flavour.
Tree: erect, vigorous, enters into production rapidly.
Flowers: pinkish white, large, resistant to frost.
Accounts for 5 % of the production of protected apples in the area.
Granny Smith
Fruit: deep green. Large.
Flesh: whitish, compact, firm and juicy, slightly sharp flavour.
Tree: vigorous, with a drooping appearance, characteristic of a rapid entry into production.
Flowers: pinkish white, resistant to frosts and highly productive.
Accounts for 15 % of the production of protected apples in the region.
Geographical area:
Land situated at the north-eastern tip of the autonomous community of Catalonia. Comprises all the Gerona province municipalities of Selva, Baix Empordà , Alt Empordà , El Gironès and Pla de l'Estany.
The total area under cultivation in the area is 3 650 hectares, with 2 152 hectares of apple orchards. The area likely to be covered by the IGP is 1 518 hectares.
Proof of origin:
The apples come from orchards situated in the production area.
The stations where they are selected and packed are located in that area and are on an official list kept by the Regulatory Council. Apples which, at the production and packing stage, meet the required standards, in particular the physical and chemical and organoleptic tests, are marketed under the protected geographical indication and a numbered label issued by the Regulatory Council.
Method of production:
Apples belonging to authorised varieties are grown in accordance with integrated production methods and, when they have reached the correct degree of ripeness, are harvested as quickly and as carefully as possible.
At registered packing stations the apples undergo the following in particular: grading, storage (normal, controlled or ultra-low volume cells), packing, extrinsic quality control and labelling.
The entire process, from production to labelling, takes place in the production area.
Link:
â Historical: Apples have, together with other tree-fruit crops, long been one of the traditional crops of the Selva, Baix Empordà , Alt Empordà , Gironès and Pla de l'Estany districts in the province of Gerona.
The earliest documented reference to the presence of apple trees locally comes from the district of Selva and dates back to the year 1300: the seal of the Massaneda family with, at its centre, an apple tree. The name Massaneda may itself have come from an early word for apple tree: Manzaneda.
In his Diario de los viajes hechos en Cataluña, Francisco de Zamora describes in detail everything he saw in the course of his journeys in Catalonia. He states, for instance, that there are already apple orchards in the Plana de Bas. He refers also to the cultivation and consumption of apples in several villages, including Sant Hilari Sacalm, whose high birth rate was said by the local priest to be attributable to apples. Writing about a small village close to Arbúcies, de Zamora points out that a variety of exquisite apple trees abound in the area, the most famous of which are those known as ciri. Referring to the market held at Santa Coloma de Farners, the capital of the district of Selva, he states that large quantities of pine kernels and apples are sold there which are later sent to Mahón, Valencia, Cartagena, Cadiz and elsewhere.
There is accordingly a fully fledged apple culture, given that the fruit plays such a major role in the economy and in the diet of its people and animals. The wide range of varieties and the numerous methods of preserving them have helped to ensure a varied and sustained supply.
According to the gastronome Jaume Fà brega the apple is traditionally the most highly esteemed local dessert fruit: it can be traced back to the 18th century at least pommes cuites (baked apples) or the delicious botifarra dolça amb poma (sweet Catalan sausage with apple).
Such was the importance of apples in the everyday life of the people of the various districts of Gerona that a number of anecdotes and traditions centred on it have survived to this day. The importance of apples in Gerona's culture can be gauged by the number of popular song lyrics that refer to the fruit.
Large-scale commercial apple-growing dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1930s attempts were already being made to produce premium-quality fruit in the area, using local varieties. A major development in the mid 1960s was the setting up of large-scale storage and marketing cooperatives.
Natural: The Manzana de Girona has a homogeneous production area in terms of soil and climate, thus lending itself to apple-growing. This set of factors provides the manzana de Girona with very marked characteristic flavour and hardness that are recognised and appreciated by consumers.
The area's topsoil consists of material recently deposited by rivers. The land is flat, poses few problems of erosion and features good drainage.
The climate is Mediterranean, i.e. mild and fresh, with sharp differences between daytime and night-time temperatures and this, together with high relative humidity and sunshine at the end of spring, gives the fruit good colouring and a high sugar content.
Growing conditions: Layout of orchards: distance between trees: 1 to 1,80 metres; distance between rows: 3,5 to 4 metres; planting density: 2 000 to 3 000 trees per hectare.
The rows of trees are laid out from north to south so that an even amount of light falls on the leaves and fruit. The branches are trained along a central axis.
- Cultivation and pruning: in accordance with the most modern cultivation techniques. Removal of the older material by heavy pruning. The aim is to find a natural balance for the tree, i.e. letting in a sufficient amount of light and allowing the production of quality fruit.
- Harvesting: begins in mid-August in the case of Gala, September in the case of Golden and Red Delicious and the middle or end of October in the case of Granny Smith. At all events it is dependent on pre-set physical and chemical parameters (penetrometry, refractive index (Brix) and starch regression rate) and so may vary from one year to the next.
Reference: The European Commission